Green buildings: Exemplary projects on the silk road
文 唐礼
7月14日，2022（第十八届）国际绿色建筑与建筑节能大会在沈阳落下帷幕，但关于绿色建筑的话题持续在世界范围内引发热议。联合国环境署的报告显示，建筑及施工占全球能源消耗的35%，占二氧化碳排放量的38%，建筑业已成为主要的碳排放来源。
“在建筑的全寿命期内，节约资源、保护环境、减少污染，为人们提供健康、适用、高效的使用空间，最大限度地实现人与自然和谐共生的高质量建筑”——这是全球对绿色建筑的共识，也是实现城市可持续发展的灵魂。
“Green buildings are high-quality buildings that maximize the harmonious coexistence of man and nature and conserve resources, protect the environment and reduce pollution during the whole life of buildings, thus providing people with a healthy, suitable and efficient space for use” — this is the consensus on green buildings, and also the soul of achieving sustainable urban development.
从既有建筑的绿色化改造到绿色建材，再到装配式建筑，近年来，中国绿色建筑实现跨越式增长。最新数据显示，截至2022年上半年，中国新建绿色建筑面积占新建建筑的比例超过90%。
From the green renovation of existing buildings to green building materials and then to prefabricated buildings, China has achieved leapfrog growth in green buildings in recent years. The latest data shows that as of the first half of this year, the area of new green buildings in China has accounted for more than 90% of new buildings.
中国也积极将这些经验应用到海外项目上，承建的世界上最节能环保的体育场之一卡塔尔卢塞尔体育场、埃及绿色智能化建筑新行政首都中央商务区、埃塞商业银行新总部大楼等多个绿色建筑项目，成为中企参与绿色“一带一路”建设的典范工程。
China has also actively applied the experience to overseas projects, constructing a number of green buildings such as the Lusail Stadium of Qatar, one of the world’s most energy-efficient and environment-friendly stadiums, the new administrative capital CBD in Egypt, and the new headquarters of the Commercial Bank of Ethiopia. They are the model projects for Chinese enterprises to participate in the construction of the green Belt and Road.
One of the most energy-saving and environment-friendly stadiums in the world: Lusail Stadium of Qatar
卡塔尔首都多哈往北约15公里，一座以椰枣碗和珐琅灯笼为设计灵感的建筑格外引人注目，这就是作为卡塔尔世界杯主场馆的卢塞尔体育场。该体育场是当地人引以为傲的地标性建筑，2020年就被印在卡塔尔的法定纸币上。
About 15 kilometers north of Doha, the capital of Qatar, a building inspired by bowls and enameled lanterns stands out as the main stadium for the Qatar World Cup, the Lusail Stadium. The stadium, a proud landmark for Qataris, was printed on the banknotes issued by the Qatar Central Bank in 2020.
体育场总建筑面积19万平方米，可容纳8万名观众。这是中企在海外建造的规模最大、容纳人数最多的专业场馆，也是中企首次以设计施工总承包身份参与世界杯主场馆建设。
This stadium covers an area of 190,000 square meters with a seating capacity of 80,000. This is the largest professional venue with the largest capacity built by a Chinese enterprise overseas, and it is also the first time for a Chinese enterprise to construct the main stadium of the World Cup as a general contractor that takes responsibility for design and construction.
在中企统筹下，来自15个国家的110家大型分包企业、4600多名建设者共同参与了该项目。
Under the coordination of the Chinese enterprise, 110 large subcontracting enterprises and more than 4,600 builders from 15 countries participated in the project.
“总悬浮颗粒物小于每立方米230微克，PM10浓度小于每立方米150微克，符合要求。”烈日下，中国铁建国际集团有限公司（简称“铁建国际”）的工程师正在体育场内进行空气监测。卢塞尔体育场将承担2022年卡塔尔世界杯半决赛、决赛和闭幕式等重大赛事活动。为确保场馆内空气质量达到低碳、绿色环保要求，项目工程师每周都会仔细核对并记录空气质量监测数据。
“The total suspended particulate matter is less than 230 micrograms per cubic meter and PM10 concentration is less than 150 micrograms per cubic meter, which meets the requirements.” Under the burning sun, the engineers of China Railway Construction Corporation (International) Limited (hereinafter referred to as “CRCC International”) were conducting air monitoring in the stadium. The Lusail Stadium will host major events such as the semi-finals, finals and closing ceremony of the Qatar World Cup. To ensure that the air quality in the venue meets low-carbon and green requirements, project engineers carefully checked and recorded the air quality monitoring data every week.
“项目采用多项环保节能技术，并大量使用可回收材料。”铁建国际中东区域公司执行总经理王雷介绍。为了在炎热干燥的气候条件下给观众带来舒适的观赛体验，项目团队将体育场设计成双幕墙结构。外幕墙由4200多个三角形单元铝板分段拟合出碗形弧面，内幕墙则设置了完全封闭的隔热玻璃。停车区安装了太阳能光伏板，为体育场以及邻近的建筑物提供电力。
“The project uses a number of environmentally friendly and energy-saving technologies and makes extensive use of recyclable materials,” introduced Wang Lei, Executive General Manager of CRCC International’s Middle East Regional Office. In order to provide a comfortable viewing experience for spectators in the hot and dry climate, it was designed by the project team as a double curtain wall structure. The outer curtain wall is fitted with more than 4,200 triangular aluminum plates to form a bowl-shaped curved surface, and the inner curtain wall is equipped with enclosed insulating glass. Solar photovoltaic panels were installed in the parking area to provide electricity to the stadium and adjacent buildings.
鉴于体育场规模庞大，传统空调系统难以满足场内降温的需求，项目团队使用流体动力学计算软件，优化调整空调出风口位置、数量、形状、间距等，并采用外设制冷站水冷空调技术，通过调节冷水流量、风机转速等技术参数，实现对不同区域温度的自动化控制，有效降低了制冷设备运行的能耗。
体育场屋顶在设计时也充分考虑了环境因素，采用最先进的材料，既为球场植物的生长提供足够光线，也为体育场提供遮阳，以减轻场内空调的负担。
The stadium’s roof was designed with environmental factors in mind. The most advanced materials were used to provide sufficient light for the growth of the plants at the stadium, as well as provide shade to reduce the burden of air conditioning.
2021年9月，卢塞尔体育场成功移植面积达8870平方米的绿色草坪。项目采用雨水收集回收再利用与海水淡化技术，同时结合智能节水喷灌系统，最终实现比传统体育场节省约40%的淡水。
Last September, 8,870 square meters of green grass were successfully transplanted at the Lusail Stadium. The project adopts rainwater collection and recycling and seawater desalination technology. At the same time, combined with the intelligent water-saving sprinkler irrigation system, it can save about 40% of freshwater compared with traditional stadiums.
“卢塞尔体育场的设计和施工符合可持续发展和绿色发展理念。”海湾研究和发展组织创始主席约瑟夫·奥尔表示，体育场达到全球可持续发展评价体系（GSAS）五星级认证标准，“树立了绿色建筑的典范”。
“The design and construction of Lusail Stadium are in line with the concept of sustainable development and green development.” Yousef Horr, founding chairman of the Gulf Organization for Research & Development, said that the stadium meets the five-star certification standard of the Global Sustainability Assessment System (GSAS), “It sets a good example of green building.”
Green way of the tallest building in Africa: Egypt’s new administrative capital CBD project
埃及新行政首都中央商务区项目在建住宅
从开罗市中心出发，驱车向东约50公里，驶过一大片黄色戈壁，便来到正如火如荼建设中的埃及新行政首都中央商务区（CBD）。项目占地面积约50.5万平方米，共20栋单体建筑，包括10栋高层商业办公楼、5栋高层公寓、4栋高档酒店以及一座385.8米的“非洲第一高”标志塔。这是迄今中企在埃及的最大项目，建成后将使埃及真正拥有世界级中央商务区，并带动埃及苏伊士运河经济带和红海经济带的开发。
About 50 kilometers east of downtown Cairo, across a large yellow Gobi Desert, lies the CBD of Egypt’s new administrative capital, which is in full swing. The project covers an area of about 505,000 square meters, with a total of 20 individual buildings, including 10 high-rise commercial office buildings, five high-rise apartments, four high-end hotels and a 385.8-meter tower that is the highest in Africa. It is the largest project undertaken by China’s centrally-administered state-owned enterprises (central SOEs) in Egypt. Upon completion, it will enable Egypt to truly have a world-class CBD and drive the development of Egypt’s Suez Canal Economic Belt and the Red Sea Economic Belt.
根据规划，埃及新行政首都是一座绿色之城、智慧之城。新建大楼都配有温控系统，可以根据气候变化自动改变温度；屋顶覆盖了太阳能电池板，以便逐步过渡到使用清洁太阳能作为发电源；城市使用的60%能源是太阳能和其他可再生能源，污水利用率达100%。
According to the plan, the new administrative capital of Egypt is a green and smart city. The new buildings are equipped with temperature control systems that automatically change the temperature in response to changes in climate. Roofs are covered with solar panels to allow solar energy to gradually become a source of power generation. Sixty percent of the energy used by the city will be solar and other renewable energy, and sewage utilization will be one hundred percent.
项目承建方中建埃及分公司总经理常伟才向记者介绍，项目全程贯彻“快速高效、绿色健康、循环利用”理念，并指向有着“非洲住宅第一高楼”之称的D01住宅楼举例道：路灯路牌采用自动化控制，生活垃圾实现自动化处理；配备智能控制系统，将安防、火灾报警、楼宇控制系统等子系统汇入中央控制中心，进行统一智能管理……D01住宅楼将全自动、智能化融入每一个细节，以先进的设计理念引领埃及高端住宅市场的发展，是真正的绿色智能化建筑。
Chang Weicai, general manager of CSCEC Egypt, the contractor of the project, said that the project implemented the concept of “fast and efficient, green and healthy, recycling” throughout the project. He pointed to the D01 residential building, known as the tallest residential building in Africa: the street lamps and street signs are controlled automatically, and the domestic waste is disposed of automatically. The intelligent control system integrates the security, fire alarm, building control system and other subsystems into the central control center for unified intelligent management. The D01 residential building brings full automation and intelligence into every detail, with advanced design concepts leading the development of Egypt’s high-end residential market, and is a truly green and intelligent building.
卡塔尔卢塞尔体育场
不止D01住宅楼，在埃及新行政首都CBD项目施工现场，处处都能看见绿色施工与节能环保的细节。
修建中的水处理站，日处理污水约400立方米，同时将净化后的水用于绿化、除尘等，提升用水效率；将太阳能转化为电能，用于场区照明及生活水加热，部分取代了发电机；主道路安装60瓦LED太阳能路灯103盏，每年能够节省用电成本17万埃镑以上；循环使用铝制模板，应用环保幕墙材料，使用自密实混凝土等环保技术，发挥节能环保优势，提高资源利用率；配备主要靠太阳能发电驱动的先进智能垃圾桶，实现垃圾自动分类、自动压缩、除臭……
5月18日，埃及新行政首都中央商务区项目最后一座高层建筑封顶，标志着该项目20个单体工程，主体结构施工全部完成，全面进入装修和机电安装阶段，向最后的竣工冲刺。埃及住房部副部长哈立德·阿巴斯表示：“中央商务区项目建设将带动埃及加速进入高楼时代，并通过引入世界建筑领域先进技术经验，有力促进埃及建筑业发展。”
On May 18, the last high-rise building of Egypt’s new administrative capital CBD project was roofed, marking the completion of the project’s 20 individual projects, the construction of the main structure, and the beginning of decoration and the installation of mechanical and electrical equipment and the heading for the completion of the project. Khaled Abbas, Deputy Minister of Housing of Egypt, congratulated the project team, “The construction of the CBD project will enable Egypt to accelerate its entry into the era of high-rise buildings and strongly contribute to the development of the construction industry in Egypt by bringing in advanced technological experience in the field of construction.”
LEED building in East Africa: New headquarters of Commercial Bank of Ethiopia
当最后一缕阳光从非洲大地上隐去，埃塞俄比亚即将被夜幕笼罩，位于首都亚的斯亚贝巴的埃塞商业银行新总部大楼流光璀璨，成为埃塞首都商务核心区最亮的“星”。
When the last rays of sunlight faded from the African land and Ethiopia was about to be completely enveloped by night, the new headquarters of the Commercial Bank of Ethiopia in Addis Ababa became the brightest star in the CBD of the capital.
大楼由中国建筑股份有限公司旗下中建八局承建，总建筑面积达16万平方米，塔楼高209米，于2022年2月正式竣工。大楼创下埃塞多项“第一”，作为埃塞乃至东非区域的标志性建筑，将为埃塞经济发展提供有力动能。
The building was constructed by the China Construction Eighth Engineering Division, a subsidiary of China State Construction Engineering Corporation. With a total construction area of 160,000 square meters and a tower height of 209 meters, it was officially completed in February 2022. The project has set a number of firsts in Ethiopia. As a landmark building in Ethiopia and even in East Africa, it will provide strong momentum for the economic development of Ethiopia.
埃及新行政首都中央商务区建设现场
正如项目业主特斯法耶·凯贝德所说，中国企业把中国智慧、绿色低碳的建筑理念融了进来，建成了东非首座真正意义上的现代化建筑。
As the project owner Tesfaye Kebede said, Chinese enterprises have integrated Chinese wisdom and green low-carbon building concepts to build the first truly modern building in East Africa.
“结合当地高海拔、日照足等条件，我们在室外设置112个太阳能灯具，室内安装117个光感器，可参照阳光强度自主控制灯光明暗，实现总体节能30%。”大楼有关负责人表示，针对当地水质偏硬、杂质较多等情况，项目采用空气源热泵提供热水，并增加软化水系统，进一步节省能耗15%。
“Given the high altitude and sufficient sunshine in the area, we have installed 112 solar lamps outdoors and 117 light sensors indoors, which can independently control the brightness of the lights according to the intensity of the sunlight, saving 30% of the overall energy.” The project leader said that, at the same time, because of the hard water and impurities in water, the project uses air-source heat pumps to provide hot water and adopts water softening systems to further save energy consumption by 15%.
这些节能环保的做法，得到了高度认可。“中国技术推动了埃塞建筑业产业升级，带动了工程建设技术水平提升。”项目的另一位业主亚伯拉罕·贝耶内如是说道。项目还因此获得了绿色建筑界的“奥斯卡”奖——LEED银级认证。
These energy-saving and environment-friendly practices were highly recognized by the local community. “Chinese technology has promoted the industrial upgrading of Ethiopia’s construction industry and driven up the technical level of engineering and construction,” said Abraham Beyene, another owner of the project. The project was also awarded LEED Silver certification, the Oscar Award of the green building industry.
埃及新行政首都中央商务区项目
建一栋绿色大楼，助力一座城的可持续发展。中企充分运用新材料、新工艺以及绿色环保的施工方案，让“一带一路”沿线的建筑实现生态、节能、减废，不断推动中国建筑产业链高质量“走出去”。
To build one green building to help a city develop sustainably. Chinese enterprises make full use of new materials, new processes and green and environment-friendly construction solutions to help buildings along the Belt and Road become ecological, save energy and reduce waste, thus promoting the extending China’s construction industry chain to foreign countries with high quality.
来源：《一带一路报道（中英文）》2022年第5期
编辑：李卉嫔
校对：雷露
审核：向雯
主编：邓灼
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