adduser指令帮助手册

Linux中添加用户是常见的操作之一，是每个从事Linux技术人员必知必会的权限类管理指令之一。

adduser指令的帮助手册如下。

ADDUSER(8)                                          System Manager's Manual                                          ADDUSER(8)
NAME
       adduser, addgroup - add a user or group to the system
SYNOPSIS
       adduser  [options]  [--home DIR] [--shell SHELL] [--no-create-home] [--uid ID] [--firstuid ID] [--lastuid ID] [--ingroup
       GROUP | --gid ID] [--disabled-password] [--disabled-login] [--gecos GECOS] [--add_extra_groups] [--encrypt-home] user
       adduser --system [options] [--home DIR] [--shell SHELL] [--no-create-home] [--uid ID] [--group | --ingroup GROUP | --gid
       ID] [--disabled-password] [--disabled-login] [--gecos GECOS] user
       addgroup [options] [--gid ID] group
       addgroup --system [options] [--gid ID] group
       adduser [options] user group
   COMMON OPTIONS
       [--quiet] [--debug] [--force-badname] [--help|-h] [--version] [--conf FILE]
DESCRIPTION
       adduser  and addgroup add users and groups to the system according to command line options and configuration information
       in /etc/adduser.conf.  They are friendlier front ends to the low level tools like useradd,  groupadd  and  usermod  pro‐
       grams, by default choosing Debian policy conformant UID and GID values, creating a home directory with skeletal configu‐
       ration, running a custom script, and other features.  adduser and addgroup can be run in one of five modes:
   Add a normal user
       If called with one non-option argument and without the --system or --group options, adduser will add a normal user.
       adduser will choose the first available UID from the range specified for normal users in the  configuration  file.   The
       UID can be overridden with the --uid option.
       The range specified in the configuration file may be overridden with the --firstuid and --lastuid options.
       By  default,  each  user  in Debian GNU/Linux is given a corresponding group with the same name.  Usergroups allow group
       writable directories to be easily maintained by placing the appropriate users in the new group, setting the set-group-ID
       bit  in  the  directory,  and ensuring that all users use a umask of 002.  If this option is turned off by setting USER‐
       GROUPS to no, all users' GIDs are set to USERS_GID.  Users' primary groups can also be overridden from the command  line
       with  the  --gid  or --ingroup options to set the group by id or name, respectively.  Also, users can be added to one or
       more groups defined in adduser.conf either by setting ADD_EXTRA_GROUPS to 1 in adduser.conf,  or  by  passing  --add_ex‐
       tra_groups on the commandline.
       adduser  will create a home directory subject to DHOME, GROUPHOMES, and LETTERHOMES.  The home directory can be overrid‐
       den from the command line with the --home option, and the shell with the --shell option. The home directory's set-group-
       ID bit is set if USERGROUPS is yes so that any files created in the user's home directory will have the correct group.
       adduser will copy files from SKEL into the home directory and prompt for finger (gecos) information and a password.  The
       gecos may also be set with the --gecos option.  With the --disabled-login option, the account will be created  but  will
       be disabled until a password is set. The --disabled-password option will not set a password, but login is still possible
       (for example with SSH RSA keys).  To set up an encrypted home directory for the new user, add the --encrypt-home option.
       For more information, refer to the -b option of ecryptfs-setup-private(1).
       If the file /usr/local/sbin/adduser.local exists, it will be executed after the user account has been set up in order to
       do any local setup.  The arguments passed to adduser.local are:
       username uid gid home-directory
       The environment variable VERBOSE is set according to the following rule:
       0 if   --quiet is specified
       1 if neither
              --quiet nor --debug is specified
       2 if   --debug is specified
              (The same applies to the variable DEBUG, but DEBUG is deprecated and will be removed in a later  version  of  ad‐
              duser.)
   Add a system user
       If  called with one non-option argument and the --system option, adduser will add a system user. If a user with the same
       name already exists in the system uid range (or, if the uid is specified, if a user with that uid already  exists),  ad‐
       duser will exit with a warning. This warning can be suppressed by adding --quiet.
       adduser  will  choose  the  first  available  UID  from  the  range specified for system users in the configuration file
       (FIRST_SYSTEM_UID and LAST_SYSTEM_UID). If you want to have a specific UID, you can specify it using the --uid option.
       By default, system users are placed in the nogroup group.  To place the new system user in an  already  existing  group,
       use  the  --gid or --ingroup options.  To place the new system user in a new group with the same ID, use the --group op‐
       tion.
       A home directory is created by the same  rules  as  for  normal  users.   The  new  system  user  will  have  the  shell
       /usr/sbin/nologin  (unless  overridden with the --shell option), and have logins disabled.  Skeletal configuration files
       are not copied.
   Add a user group
       If adduser is called with the --group option and without the --system option, or addgroup is called respectively, a user
       group will be added.
       A  GID will be chosen from the range specified for system GIDS in the configuration file (FIRST_GID, LAST_GID). To over‐
       ride that mechanism you can give the GID using the --gid option.
       The group is created with no users.
   Add a system group
       If addgroup is called with the --system option, a system group will be added.
       A GID will be chosen from the range specified for system GIDS in the  configuration  file  (FIRST_SYSTEM_GID,  LAST_SYS‐
       TEM_GID). To override that mechanism you can give the GID using the --gid option.
       The group is created with no users.
   Add an existing user to an existing group
       If called with two non-option arguments, adduser will add an existing user to an existing group.
OPTIONS
       --conf FILE
              Use FILE instead of /etc/adduser.conf.
       --disabled-login
              Do not run passwd to set the password.  The user won't be able to use her account until the password is set.
       --disabled-password
              Like  --disabled-login, but logins are still possible (for example using SSH RSA keys) but not using password au‐
              thentication.
       --force-badname
              By default, user and group  names  are  checked  against  the  configurable  regular  expression  NAME_REGEX  (or
              NAME_REGEX_SYSTEM  if  --system is specified) specified in the configuration file. This option forces adduser and
              addgroup to apply only a weak check for validity of the name.  NAME_REGEX is described in adduser.conf(5).
       --gecos GECOS
              Set the gecos field for the new entry generated.  adduser will not ask for finger information if this  option  is
              given.
       --gid ID
              When creating a group, this option forces the new groupid to be the given number.  When creating a user, this op‐
              tion will put the user in that group.
       --group
              When combined with --system, a group with the same name and ID as the system user is created.   If  not  combined
              with  --system,  a group with the given name is created.  This is the default action if the program is invoked as
              addgroup.
       --help Display brief instructions.
       --home DIR
              Use DIR as the user's home directory, rather than the default specified by the configuration file.  If the direc‐
              tory does not exist, it is created and skeleton files are copied.
       --shell SHELL
              Use SHELL as the user's login shell, rather than the default specified by the configuration file.
       --ingroup GROUP
              Add  the  new user to GROUP instead of a usergroup or the default group defined by USERS_GID in the configuration
              file.  This affects the users primary group.  To add additional groups, see the add_extra_groups option.
       --no-create-home
              Do not create the home directory, even if it doesn't exist.
       --quiet
              Suppress informational messages, only show warnings and errors.
       --debug
              Be verbose, most useful if you want to nail down a problem with adduser.
       --system
              Create a system user or group.
       --uid ID
              Force the new userid to be the given number.  adduser will fail if the userid is already taken.
       --firstuid ID
              Override the first uid in the range that the uid is chosen from (overrides FIRST_UID specified in the  configura‐
              tion file).
       --lastuid ID
              Override the last uid in the range that the uid is chosen from ( LAST_UID )
       --add_extra_groups
              Add new user to extra groups defined in the configuration file.
       --version
              Display version and copyright information.
EXIT VALUES
       0      The  user  exists  as  specified. This can have 2 causes: The user was created by adduser or the user was already
              present on the system before adduser was invoked. If adduser was returning 0 , invoking  adduser  a  second  time
              with the same parameters as before also returns 0.
       1      Creating  the user or group failed because it was already present with other UID/GID than specified. The username
              or groupname was rejected because of a mismatch with the configured regular expressions, see adduser.conf(5). Ad‐
              duser has been aborted by a signal.
              Or  for  many  other  yet undocumented reasons which are printed to console then. You may then consider to remove
              --quiet to make adduser more verbose.
FILES
       /etc/adduser.conf
              Default configuration file for adduser and addgroup
       /usr/local/sbin/adduser.local
              Optional custom add-ons.
SEE ALSO
       adduser.conf(5), deluser(8), groupadd(8), useradd(8), usermod(8), Debian Policy 9.2.2.
COPYRIGHT
       Copyright (C) 1997, 1998, 1999 Guy Maor. Modifications by Roland Bauerschmidt and Marc Haber. Additional patches by  Jo‐
       erg Hoh and Stephen Gran.
       Copyright (C) 1995 Ted Hajek, with a great deal borrowed from the original Debian adduser
       Copyright  (C)  1994  Ian  Murdock.  adduser is free software; see the GNU General Public Licence version 2 or later for
       copying conditions.  There is no warranty.
Debian GNU/Linux                                      Version 3.118ubuntu5                                           ADDUSER(8)