【双语科普】365天里的汽车往事（12月8日-19日）

1908-12-8, 114 years ago

印第安纳波利斯赛车场建设场景

Four 80-acre tracts of land were purchased for $72,000 to build the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. Indianapolis businessman Carl G. Fisher first envisioned building the speedway in 1905 after assisting friends racing in France and seeing that Europe held the upper hand in automobile design and craftsmanship. Fisher began thinking of a better means of testing cars before delivering them to consumers. At the time, racing was just getting started on horse tracks and public roads. Fisher noticed how dangerous and ill-suited the makeshift courses were for racing and testing. He also argued that spectators did not get their money’s worth, as they were only able to get a brief glimpse of cars speeding down a linear road.

1908年12月8日，四块80英亩的土地以7.2万美元的价格被售出，用于建造印第安纳波利斯赛车场。1905年，印第安纳波利斯商人卡尔·费舍尔（Carl G. Fisher）协助朋友在法国比赛，看到欧洲在汽车设计和工艺方面领先后，首次设想建造赛车场。费舍尔开始考虑在将汽车交付给消费者之前测试汽车的更好方法。当时，在赛马场和公共道路上的赛车比赛才刚刚开始。费舍尔注意到比赛和测试的临时场地是多么的危险和不合适。他还认为，观众付的钱不值，因为他们只能看到在直线道路上飞驰的汽车。

信息图片来源

https://365daysofmotoring.com/four-80-acre-tracts-of-land-were-purchased-for-72000-to-build-the-indianapolis-motor-speedway/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_G._Fisherhttps://www.automotivehalloffame.org/honoree/carl-g-fisher/https://www.indianapolismotorspeedway.com/

1954-12-9, 68 years ago

梅赛德斯-奔驰的O321H车型海报

Mercedes-Benz unveiled its first semi-integral bus - the O321 H. The semi-integral design meant a reduction in weight, improvements in stability and body resistance. The O321 H also was the first to feature coil springs in the front-axle suspension. This 9.2-metre-long vehicle (a 10.9-metre version was later unveiled) also featured a rear-mounted engine. The first version was available with an output of 110 hp, and a later optional 126-hp version was made available. It was the best-selling bus of its time and, until today, one of the most successful models by Mercedes-Benz.

1954年12月9日，梅赛德斯-奔驰推出了其首款半承载式客车——O321H。半承载式设计意味着减轻了重量、提高了稳定性和车身刚性。O321H也是第一款在前桥悬架中采用螺旋弹簧的车型。这辆9.2米长的汽车（后来推出了10.9米的车型）还配备了后置发动机。第一款的输出功率为110马力，之后提供了可选的126马力版本。它是当时最畅销的巴士，直到今天，它仍然是梅赛德斯-奔驰最成功的车型之一。

信息图片来源

http://365daysofmotoring.com/showonthisday/article/9041
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Mercedes-Benz_buses
https://media.daimlertruck.com/marsMediaSite/en/instance/ko/Resounding-success-Mercedes-Benz-O-321-HHL-bus-1954-to-1964.xhtml?oid=45112029

1917-12-10, 105 years ago

BMW商标

BMW’s Trademark, a circular blue and white BMW, called a \"roundel\", was submitted for registration at the Imperial Patent Office, Germany. The trade mark was intended for the following goods: \"Land, air and seagoing vehicles, automobiles, bicycles, accessories for automobiles and bicycles, vehicle components, stationary engines for solid, liquid and gaseous fuels and their components and accessories\".

1917年12月10日，宝马公司的商标提交至德国帝国专利局注册，这是一个圆形蓝白相间的BMW，被称为“圆形”。该商标适用于以下商品：“陆地、空中和海上交通工具、汽车、自行车、汽车和自行车配件、车辆部件、固体、液体和气体燃料的固定发动机及其部件和配件”。

信息图片来源

http://365daysofmotoring.com/showonthisday/article/1851https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groupe_BMWhttps://www.bmwgroup.com/en/brands-and-services/bmw.htmlmichaelhodges.com/2020/12/10/on-this-day-bmws-logo/https://michaelhodges.com/category/history/

1921-12-11, 101 years ago

1921年加利福尼亚州圣卡洛斯的赛道

The 1.25 mile board oval San Carlos Board Speedway in San Francisco, California staged its first race - the 250 mile main event was won by Jimmy Murphy in a Duesenberg.

1921年12月11日，加利福尼亚州旧金山的1.25英里长的椭圆形圣卡洛斯赛道举办了第一场比赛，250英里长的主赛事由吉米墨菲（Jimmy Murphy）驾驶杜森伯格（Duesenberg）赢得。

信息图片来源

http://365daysofmotoring.com/showonthisday/article/10843
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duesenberg
https://www.trustauto.com/blog/the-story-of-duesenberg-automobiles
https://www.motoringweekly.com.au/2019/03/20/san-francisco-speedway/
http://www.silhouet.com/motorsport//tracks/sfs.html
https://sf.curbed.com/2016/12/12/13928758/greater-sf-speedway

1961-12-12, 61 years ago

乐购（TESCO）停车场旧照

The Auto-Magic Car Park, one of Europe’s oldest multi-storey car parks, was opened in Leicester (UK). Providing spaces for 1050 cars, it was among the first automated public car parks, using coin-operated barriers.  Its design made no attempt to hide its purpose of storing as many vehicles as possible within the space available, using a complex interleaved spiral or double-helix system to maximise space. Beneath the six parking levels, the supermarket chain Tesco opened its first store outside London. Tesco was integrated with the car park above so that staff could take customers’ purchases directly to their cars.

1961年12月12日，位于英国莱斯特的Auto-Magic停车场开业了，它是欧洲最古老的多层停车场之一，可提供1050个停车位，是首批使用投币式护栏的自动公共停车场之一。其设计目的明确，即在可用空间内尽可能多地存放车辆，它采用复杂的交错螺旋或双螺旋系统使空间最大化。在六层停车楼下，连锁超市乐购（Tesco）开设了它在伦敦郊外的第一家门店。乐购与上面的停车场融为一体，这样员工就可以将顾客的购物直接送到他们的汽车上。

信息图片来源

https://365daysofmotoring.com/the-auto-magic-car-park-lee-circle-leicester-uk-one-of-the-oldest-multi-storey-car-parks-in-europe-was-opened/https://storyofleicester.info/a-working-town/auto-magic-car-park-lee-circle/https://leicesterlife.com/are-these-the-ugliest-buildings-in-leicester-vote-now/1333/https://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/news/history/new-city-centre-tesco-wonder-2521737

1957-12-13, 65 years ago

福特双座雷鸟汽车画报

Ford built the last of its early two-seat Thunderbirds as public demand sparked a shift to four-seaters. Restyled a year earlier, the 57 T-Bird featured tail fins, opera windows, and a clean back bumper for better handling. Plus a choice of five V-8s including a supercharged 340 hp NASCAR option.

1957年12月13日，由于公众需求引发了制造四座汽车的转变，福特制造了其早期的最后一款双座雷鸟。一年前重新设计的57 T-Bird为提高操控性配有尾翼、小型舷窗侧窗和简洁的后保险杠等特色设计，外加包括适合纳斯卡赛事的340马力机械增压发动机在内的五款V8发动机可供选择。

信息图片来源

https://365daysofmotoring.com/ford-built-the-last-of-its-early-two-seat-thunderbirds-as-public-demand-sparked-a-shift-to-four-seaters/
https://corporate.ford.com/articles/history/thunderbird.html
https://sportscardigest.com/ford-thunderbird-1955-1957/
https://www.hotcars.com/a-detailed-look-at-the-1957-ford-thunderbird/
https://www.autoevolution.com/cars/ford-thunderbird-1957.html#aeng_ford-thunderbird-1957-39

1909-12-14, 113 years ago

工程以铺设最后一块“金砖”收尾

金砖表面字样

The last brick, made of gold was laid at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, giving the track its popular nickname “The Brickyard”. In a span of 63 days, 3.2 million paving bricks, each weighing 9.5 pounds, were laid on top of the original surface of crushed rock and tar to upgrade the Speedway. The ‘gold brick’ , which was actually made from gold plated brass, was the idea was the brain child of Ernest ‘Ernie’ Moross, the first publicity man for the Indianapolis Motor Speedway.

1909年12月14日，最后一块由黄金制成的砖块铺设在印第安纳波利斯赛车场上，这条赛道因此被称为“砖场”。在63天的时间里，320万块每块重9.5磅的砖被铺设在碎石和柏油制成的原始路面上，用以提升赛道的质量。铺设金砖是印第安纳波利斯赛车场首位宣传员欧内斯特·厄尼·莫罗斯（Ernest ‘Ernie’ Moross）的创意，这块“金砖”实际上是由镀金黄铜制成的。

信息图片来源

https://365daysofmotoring.com/onthisday/december/december-14th/https://www.firstsuperspeedway.com/photo-gallery/gold-brickhttps://www.racinghalloffamecollection.com/product/indianapolis-motor-speedway-original-culver-track-brick/https://www.stevenonthemove.com/indianapolis-motor-speedway/

1974-12-15, 48 years ago

英国单行道和双行道限速标识

In an initiative to reduce energy consumption, the national speed limits in Britain for single-carriageway and dual-carriageway roads were temporarily reduced to 50 mph and 60 mph (from 60 mph and 70 mph) respectively. Motorway speed limits were left unchanged at 70 mph. Anyone breaking the new restrictions was reported, though not necessarily summoned. The maximum penalty for speeding was doubled to £100.

1974年12月15日，为减少能源消耗，英国单行道和双行道的国家限速分别临时降低到50英里/小时和60英里/小时（从60英里/小时和70英里/小时）。高速公路限速保持在70英里/小时不变。任何违反新限速的人都会被举报，但不一定会被传唤。超速行驶的最高罚款提高了一倍，达到100英镑。

信息图片来源

In an initiative to reduce energy consumption, the national speed limits in Britain for single-carriageway and dual-carriageway roads were temporarily reduced to 50 mph and 60 mph (from 60 mph and 70 mph) respectively - 365 Days Of Motoring
https://www.gocarwarranty.co.uk/news/history-of-the-uk-70mph-speed-limit/334179#:~:text=By%20December%201974%2C%20an%20energy%20consumption%20initiative%20placed,roads%20to%2060MPH%20and%20dual%20carriageways%20to%2070MPH.https://www.wired.com/2010/06/50-mph-speed-limit-curb-emissions/https://www.onthisday.com/date/1974/december/15

2000-12-16, 22 years ago

中华汽车标志

A new brand \"Zhonghua\" (China) car rolled off the production line from the Shenyang Gold-Cup Auto-Making Company in northeast China\'s Liaoning Province Saturday, December 16. It is the first car that China possesses full intellectual property rights, declared by Hong Xing, vice president of Brilliance China Automotive Holding Ltd., the holding company of the Gold-Cup.

2000年12月16日，一款新品牌“中华”汽车驶下位于辽宁省的沈阳金杯客车制造公司生产线。金杯的控股公司——华晨中国汽车控股有限公司副总裁洪星宣布，这是中国首款拥有完全知识产权的汽车。

信息图片来源

https://365daysofmotoring.com/scuderia-ferrari-conceived-plans-for-the-16-cylinder-alfa-romeo-bimotore-race-car/
In China, Brilliance China Automotive Holding introduced its new Zhonghua car - 365 Days Of Motoring
https://cartype.com/pages/1801/zhonghua
https://www.michelinchallengedesign.com/the-challenge-archives/2004-china/2004-showcase-of-selected-entrants/zhonghua-car-by-xing-rufei-and-yang-dacheng-china/

1791-12-17, 231 years ago

街头单行道标识牌

A traffic regulation in New York City established the first street to go in one direction only, or “One Way”, as the signs said.

1791年12月17日，纽约市的一项交通法规确立了第一条只能朝一个方向行驶的街道，即指示牌所注明的“单行道”。

信息图片来源

https://365daysofmotoring.com/a-traffic-regulation-in-new-york-city-established-the-first-street-to-go-in-one-direction-only-or-one-way-as-the-signs-said/
https://twisted-history.com/2013/12/17/
https://www.brainyhistory.com/events/1791/december_17_1791_44519.html
https://www.brainyhistory.com/years/1791.html
https://theamericanhistory.org/1791-american-history-summary.html#:~:text=Developed%20from%20ideas%20set%20forth%20in%20the%20Bible,York%20City%20traffic%20regulation%20creates%201st%201-way%20street.
https://www.ebroadsheet.com/today-in-history-december-17/

1968-12-18, 54 years ago

电影《飞天万能车》宣传海报

电影《飞天万能车》剧照

The family movie Chitty Chitty Bang Bang, starring Dick Van Dyke, debuted in New York. Few people realize that the movie was loosely based on James Bond creator Ian Fleming’s novel, that the car was based on the real English race cars built by Count Louis Zborowski.

1968年12月18日，由迪克·范·戴克（Dick Van Dyke）主演的家庭电影《飞天万能车》（Chitty Chitty Bang Bang）在纽约首映。很少有人注意到这部电影是根据詹姆斯·邦德（James Bond）的创作者伊恩·弗莱明（Ian Fleming）的小说改编的，影片中这辆车的原型是路易斯·兹博罗夫斯基伯爵（Louis Zborowski）制造的真正的英国赛车。

信息图片来源

https://365daysofmotoring.com/the-family-movie-chitty-chitty-bang-bang-starring-dick-van-dyke-debuted-in-new-york/
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0062803/
https://www.ianfleming.com/chitty-chitty-bang-bang/
https://www.ianfleming.com/jon-gilbert/https://www.panmacmillan.com/blogs/books-for-children/ian-fleming-and-chitty-chitty-bang-bang-the-histor

1999-12-19, 23 years ago

费迪南德·波尔舍

Ferdinand Porsche, designer of Auto Union Grand Prix racers and the original Volkswagen, was honored as the Car Engineer of the Century by the Global Automotive Elections Foundation.The young Porsche chose to be a mechanical apprentice instead of attending university. In 1898, he was employed by Lohner, a manufacturer of electric cars and at the age of 23, he designed the Lohner-Porsche. This car was exhibited at the most prestigious car exhibition of the time, L’Exposition Universelle De Paris in 1900.

1999年12月19日，汽车联盟大奖赛赛车设计师和初代大众汽车设计师——费迪南德·波尔舍（Ferdinand Porsche）被全球汽车选举基金会（Global Automotive Elections Foundation）授予“世纪汽车工程师”称号。年轻时，波尔舍没有选择上大学而是成为了一名机械学徒。1898 年，他受雇于电动汽车制造商洛纳（Lohner），并在23岁时设计了洛纳-保时捷（Lohner-Porsche）。1900年，这辆车在当时最负盛名的汽车展览会——巴黎世界博览会上展出。

信息图片来源

https://365daysofmotoring.com/ferdinand-porsche-designer-of-auto-union-grand-prix-racers-and-the-original-volkswagen-was-honored-as-the-car-engineer-of-the-century/https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Porschehttps://www.porsche-holding.com/en/history/ferdinand-porsche/inventive-geniushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lohner%E2%80%93Porsche

编译 / 闫宏宇 周伟平 刘然然
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