信安之路内部文库第 138 篇文章，欢迎注册学习
敏感文件通常指携带敏感信息的文件，最为常见的就是数据库的配置文件、网站源码备份、数据库备份等，管理员为了方便下载，将源码备份放置在 web 目录，然后下载至本地备份，下载完之后忘记删除，从而导致漏洞的出现。
配置文件泄漏
最为典型的就是 spring 框架的配置文件泄漏，常见路径：
\"/env\"/actuator/env\"
泄漏信息如图：
这类漏洞通常需要日常收集常见系统的配置文件默认路径，如果存在未授权访问的情况，就会存在文件泄漏的问题。
除了这类常见框架、系统的配置文件泄漏外，还有因为管理员修改配置文件时，为了防止无法恢复，而创建的备份文件，比如 config.php.bak、config.php.20230101 等，这类文件是可以下载的，从而泄漏配置信息。
修复方案
1、对于备份文件，为在系统中使用的，可以删除处置，或者备份到其他无法直接通过浏览器访问的目录
2、在使用的无法删除的文件，需要设置权限，仅限本地访问
网站备份泄漏
网站源码备份是网站管理员经常要做的操作，有的管理员会自动备份到备份服务器，而有些管理员为了简单方便，将服务器上到源码打包压缩后放置在 web 目录，然后从服务器再下载到本地，进行本地备份，下载完成之后是应该删除的，但是由于未做这个操作，导致整站源码泄漏。
备份的文件名通常为 wwwroot、www、子域名等，压缩包后缀通常为 zip、tar.gz 等，通过组合常用备份名称和后缀，可以进行目录扫描，来发现这类备份文件。
下面是某工具的配置文件，收集整理了常见的备份文件组合方式：
# format: /path {tag=\"text string to find\"} {status=HTTP_STATUS} {type=\"content-type should contain this string\"} {type_no=\"content-type should not contain this string\"}# each item must starts with right slash \"/\"/core {status=200} {tag=\"ELF\"}/../{hostname_or_folder}.old {status=301} {type=\"html\"}/../{hostname_or_folder}.backup {status=301} {type=\"html\"}/../{hostname_or_folder}.bak {status=301} {type=\"html\"}/{sub}.zip {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/{sub}.rar {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/{sub}.tar.gz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/{sub}.tar.bz2 {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/{sub}.tgz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/{sub}.7z {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/old.zip {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/old.rar {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/old.tar.gz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/old.tar.bz2 {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/old.tgz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/old.7z {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/{hostname_or_folder}.zip {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/{hostname_or_folder}.rar {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/{hostname_or_folder}.tar.gz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/{hostname_or_folder}.tar.bz2 {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/{hostname_or_folder}.tgz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/{hostname_or_folder}.7z {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/../{hostname_or_folder}.zip {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/../{hostname_or_folder}.rar {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/../{hostname_or_folder}.tar.gz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/../{hostname_or_folder}.tar.bz2 {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/../{hostname_or_folder}.tgz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/../{hostname_or_folder}.7z {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/../{hostname_or_folder}.log {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/../{hostname_or_folder}.sh {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/temp.zip {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/temp.rar {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/temp.tar.gz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/temp.tgz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/temp.tar.bz2 {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/package.zip {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/package.rar {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/package.tar.gz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/package.tgz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/package.tar.bz2 {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/tmp.zip {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/tmp.rar {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/tmp.tar.gz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/tmp.tgz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/tmp.tar.bz2 {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/test.zip {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/test.rar {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/test.tar.gz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/test.tgz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/test.tar.bz2 {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/backup.zip {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/backup.rar {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/backup.tar.gz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/backup.tgz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/back.tar.bz2 {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/db.zip {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/db.rar {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/db.tar.gz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/db.tgz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/db.tar.bz2 {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/db.log {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/db.inc {status=200} {type_no=\"html\"}/db.sqlite {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/db.sql.gz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/dump.sql.gz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/database.sql.gz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/backup.sql.gz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/data.zip {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/data.rar {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/data.tar.gz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/data.tgz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/data.tar.bz2 {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/database.zip {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/database.rar {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/database.tar.gz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/database.tgz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/database.tar.bz2 {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/ftp.zip {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/ftp.rar {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/ftp.tar.gz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/ftp.tgz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/ftp.tar.bz2 {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/log.txt {status=200} {type=\"text/plain\"}/log.tar.gz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/log.rar {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/log.zip {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/log.tgz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/log.tar.bz2 {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/log.7z {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/logs.txt {status=200} {type=\"text/plain\"}/logs.tar.gz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/logs.rar {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/logs.zip {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/logs.tgz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/logs.tar.bz2 {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/logs.7z {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/web.zip {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/web.rar {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/web.tar.gz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/web.tgz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/web.tar.bz2 {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/www.log {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/www.zip {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/www.rar {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/www.tar.gz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/www.tgz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/www.tar.bz2 {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/wwwroot.zip {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/wwwroot.rar {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/wwwroot.tar.gz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/wwwroot.tgz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/wwwroot.tar.bz2 {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/output.zip {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/output.rar {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/output.tar.gz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/output.tgz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/output.tar.bz2 {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/admin.zip {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/admin.rar {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/admin.tar.gz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/admin.tgz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/admin.tar.bz2 {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/upload.zip {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/upload.rar {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/upload.tar.gz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/upload.tgz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/upload.tar.bz2 {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/website.zip {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/website.rar {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/website.tar.gz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/website.tgz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/website.tar.bz2 {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/package.zip {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/package.rar {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/package.tar.gz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/package.tgz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/package.tar.bz2 {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/sql.log {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/sql.zip {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/sql.rar {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/sql.tar.gz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/sql.tgz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/sql.tar.bz2 {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/sql.7z {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/sql.inc {status=200} {type_no=\"html\"}/data.sql {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"} {tag=\"CREATE TABLE\"}/qq.sql {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"} {tag=\"CREATE TABLE\"}/tencent.sql {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"} {tag=\"CREATE TABLE\"}/database.sql {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"} {tag=\"CREATE TABLE\"}/db.sql {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"} {tag=\"CREATE TABLE\"}/test.sql {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"} {tag=\"CREATE TABLE\"}/admin.sql {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"} {tag=\"CREATE TABLE\"}/backup.sql {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"} {tag=\"CREATE TABLE\"}/user.sql {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"} {tag=\"CREATE TABLE\"}/sql.sql {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"} {tag=\"CREATE TABLE\"}/index.zip {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/index.7z {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/index.bak {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/index.rar {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/index.tar.tz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/index.tar.bz2 {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/index.tar.gz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/{hostname_or_folder}.log {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/logs/{hostname_or_folder}.log {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/dump.sql {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"} {tag=\"CREATE TABLE\"}/{sub}.sql {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"} {tag=\"CREATE TABLE\"}/old.zip {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/old.rar {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/old.tar.gz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/old.tar.bz2 {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/old.tgz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/old.7z {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/1.tar.gz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/a.tar.gz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/x.tar.gz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/o.tar.gz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/conf/conf.zip {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/conf.tar.gz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/qq.pac {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/tencent.pac {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/server.cfg {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/deploy.tar.gz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/build.tar.gz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/install.tar.gz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/secu-tcs-agent-mon-safe.sh {status=206}/password.tar.gz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/site.tar.gz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/tenpay.tar.gz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/rsync_log.sh {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/rsync.sh {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/webroot.zip {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/tools.tar.gz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/users.tar.gz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/webserver.tar.gz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}/htdocs.tar.gz {status=206} {type=\"application/octet-stream\"}
推荐工具
https://github.com/maurosoria/dirsearch
修复方案
删除备份文件即可
隐藏目录泄漏
常见的隐藏目录泄漏有三种 svn、git 以及 DS_Store，svn 和 git 是代码管理系统，在上线代码时，同步代码的过程中会把因此目录 .git 和 .svn 给同步上去，导致通过远程即可访问该目录下的内容，而 DS_Store 是 mac 系统下自动生成的文件，每个目录下都有，记录了目录下文件变动的历史。
svn
Subversion，简称 SVN，是一个开放源代码的版本控制系统，相对于的 RCS、CVS，采用了分支管理系统，它的设计目标就是取代 CVS。互联网上越来越多的控制服务从 CVS 转移到 Subversion。
svn 更新至 1.7+ .svn/entries 目录就不包含文件目录列表了。检测方法为探测网站目录下是否有 .svn/entries 这个文件，内容如图：
工具推荐
https://github.com/admintony/svnExploit
修复方案
1、上线前删除该目录
2、在服务器上配置禁止该目录访问，常见配置如下：
Apache:
<Directory ~ \"\\.svn\">Order allow,denyDeny from all</Directory>
Nginx:
location ~ ^(.*)\\/\\.svn\\/ {return 404;}
git
在运行 git init 初始化代码库的时候，会在当前目录下面产生一个 .git 的隐藏目录，用来记录代码的变更记录等等。在发布代码的时候，而 .git 这个目录没有删除，直接发布了。使用这个文件，可以用来恢复源代码。
攻击者利用该漏洞下载 .git 文件夹中的所有内容。如果文件夹中存在敏感信息(数据库账号密码、源码等)，通过白盒的审计等方式就可能直接获得控制服务器的权限和机会！
漏洞发现
1、可以先观察一下站点是否有醒目地指出 Git，如果有的话，那就说明站点很大可能是存在这个问题的
2、如果站点没有醒目的提示的话，可以利用 dirsearch 这类扫描工具，如果存在 ./git 泄露的问题的话，会被扫描出来的
3、最直观的方式，就是直接通过网页访问 .git 目录，如果能访问就说明存在
当确认存在这个漏洞之后，就可以通过工具来下载 git 泄露的全部源码
工具推荐
https://github.com/0xHJK/dumpall
.DS_Store
.DS_Store 是 Mac 下 Finder 用来保存如何展示 文件/文件夹 的数据文件，每个文件夹下对应一个。和 windows 相比，等同于 desktop.ini 和 Thumbs.db 两个文件。
如果开发/设计人员将 .DS_Store 上传部署到线上环境，可能造成文件目录结构泄漏，特别是备份文件、源代码文件。
比如我本地系统：
尝试用工具解析：
能看到我本地目录下的一些目录信息。
工具推荐
https://github.com/gehaxelt/Python-dsstore
https://github.com/lijiejie/ds_store_exp
总结
今天分享的这部分内容，最终危害取取决于泄漏的文件，比如可以远程连接的数据库账号密码和地址，那么就存在直接的危害，导致数据库被接管，如果泄漏的是网站源码，则可能存在漏洞被通过代码审计的方式审计出来，如果都是些静态资源，那么危害几乎可以忽略，所以学需要具体问题具体对待。