一笔一画中

汉字书法怎样展现出中华文字的独特魅力？

以木为纸，以刀代笔

中国工匠怎样用一双巧手让木头身价百倍？

在你的童年记忆中

是否有马路边、公园里下象棋的经历？

和传传一起探索非遗背后的故事

近日，中国传媒大学和中国新闻网联合出品“解码中华文化基因”系列视频，讲述中国非物质文化遗产背后的故事，让非遗里的传统文化基因“活起来”，对中华优秀传统文化进行创造性转化和创新性传播。

本期传传为大家介绍的非遗是：书法、雕版印刷、象棋。

书法

中文版

挽袖运笔，泼墨挥毫，

汉字书法，就在这一笔一画中，

展现出中华文字的独特魅力。

商代中后期的甲骨文与金文，

是目前我国发现的最早的汉字资料。

从夏商周到西汉的漫长的历史传承中，

形成了篆、隶、草、行、楷五种书体，

中国人常说“见字如晤”、“字如其人”，

今天的我们仍可以通过书法与古人对话，

这是郑板桥的行书，字里行间是不拘一格的灵魂。

这是颜真卿的楷书，一笔一划写的是刚直忠义。

这是张旭、怀素的草书，

龙飞凤舞、气势非凡，

彰显那个时代的文人旷达不羁的性情。

晋代书法家王羲之的《兰亭集序》被称为“天下第一行书”，

全文没有一个字写法相同，

仅一个“之”字就有十余种写法，

绝美兰亭，叹为观止。

暮然回首，

篇篇笔墨背后，

屹立的是千年传承的文化宝库，

一撇一捺，

汉字书法写就大写的中国“人”。

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英文版

Chinese calligraphy, was inscribed in 2009 on the list of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity of the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

The earliest forms of written Chinese include the 3000-year-old oracle-bone script and the bronze script.

Then the next 1000 years saw the development of five different styles of script, known as ‘seal’, ‘official’, ‘cursive’, ‘running’ and ‘regular’.

Calligraphy works say quite much about the calligrapher’s life, personality and morality.

This running script reflects the unconventionality of a so-called “eccentric” scholar.

This regular script, in which each stroke is firm and clear, mirrors the integrity of a loyal governor.

The cursive script, written at a very fast speed, shows the wild and unrestrained nature of the literati of that era.

The most famous running script was created by WANG Xizhi.

In his work which records a poetic event held at the Orchid Pavilion, the character “zhi” appears in variant artistic forms.

It must have been an inspirational event at the Orchid Pavilion.

Chinese calligraphy also reflects the philosophical thinking of the Chinese people, who believe that the structure of the character 'ren' (meaning 'human') should be stable and upright.

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雕版印刷

中文版

以木为纸，以刀代笔，

中国工匠用一双巧手让小小木头身价百倍，

这其中的门道还得从泉州木雕说起。

泉州木雕是福建民间工艺的代表，

小到木偶小像、大到家具建筑，

都可以用木头雕刻而成。

泉州木雕起源于唐代，

到明清时期技术逐渐纯熟，

安海龙山寺里至今仍保留着一尊明朝的佳作——《千手观音》，

作品整体由一棵樟树雕刻而成。

这尊木雕观音共有1008只手，

分别拿着书卷、钟鼓、珠宝等各种法器，

手势也各不相同。

每只手的手心位置都雕有一只眼睛，

千手千眼寓意遍观世间、庇护众生。

木雕的制作流程并不复杂，

但却极考验匠人的技巧与耐心。

先用笔在木头上画出形状，

再用不同刀具将多余部分剔除，

重复多次不断细化，

最后用砂纸打磨光滑。

最困难也是最难得之处是要依照木头本来的纹路设计造型，

需要综合运用镂空雕刻、浮雕浅雕等多类技法，

这样的木雕才能既美观自然又大方实用。

如今的3D建模技术，

使得工艺品的制作成本大大降低，

但却少了那种精心雕琢的工匠精神。

让我们回归初心，

跟随泉州木雕感受这来自自然的美吧！

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英文版

With wood as paper and knife as pen,

Chinese craftsmen use their hands to make small wood highly valuable.

The secret inside can be traced to Quanzhou Wood Carving. Quanzhou wood carving is a representative of Fujian folk arts.

From small statues to large furniture or even architecture, many things can be carved with wood.

Quanzhou wood carving originated in the Tang Dynasty (618-907), and gradually became a mature craftsmanship after the 15th century. In the Longshan Temple, there is still a masterpiece– “Thousand-Hand Guanyin”, made in Ming Dynasty.

The whole work is carved from one camphor tree.

The wood-carved Guanyin statue has 1008 hands, holding scrolls, bells, drums, jewelry and so on, with different gestures.

There is an eye carved in the palm of each hand, which means watching the world and protecting all sentient beings.

The production process of wood carving is not complicated, but it is a test of craftsmen’s skills and patience.

First draw the shape on the wood, and then remove the redundant parts with different knives.

This step has to be repeated and refined many times, and finally polish with sand paper.

The most difficult part is to design the shape according to the original wood grain. Various techniques, such as hollow carving,embossing and bas-relief, will be used to make wood carving works beautiful and useful.

Today's 3D modeling technology has greatly reduced the cost of making handicrafts, but it lacks artisan’s spirit to continuously elaborate.

Let’s try to feel the beauty of nature from Quanzhou Wood Carving!

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象棋

马路边、公园里，小方桌上下象棋，

这是很多中国孩子的童年记忆。

象棋在中国有着上千年的历史和丰厚的思想内涵，

融合了道家思想、儒家思想和军事思想，

并吸收了多种智慧。

两方在方形格状棋盘上进行对弈。

由执红棋的一方先走，

双方轮流各走一招，

马走“日”字，

象走“田”字，

车走直路，士走斜线，

谁先把对方的首领（帅）“将死”，

谁就获胜。

象棋模拟了古代战争

棋盘中间的分界线“楚河汉界”

便是由真实的历史演变而来

秦末，楚汉相争，

以楚河为界中分天下，

向西是汉，向东是楚。

象棋再现了当年两大王朝争夺天下的历史故事。

古往今来，

象棋以独特的博弈方式、鲜明的竞技特点，

在中华传统文化中占据了一席之地。

象棋也是怡神益智的活动。

对提高思维能力，陶冶情操有着积极的作用。

让我们以棋会友，

感受中国象棋文化。

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英文版

Playing chess on the small square table by the roadside or in the park,

this is the childhood memory of many Chinese people.

Xiang Qi,

or the Chinese chess,

has a history of over a thousand years.

Combining Taoism, Confucianism and Military Thoughts,

it absorbed wisdom from various thoughts.

Two sides play on a square grid chessboard.

The red one generally moves first,

then two sides take turns.

There are 32 pieces of Chinese chess.

Different pieces should take different paths.

Whoever checkmates the other’s general first wins.

The Chinese chess simulates ancient warfare.

The name of the “boundary” of the two sides comes from the history.

At the end of the Qin Dynasty,

the River Chu was the boundary between the two warring states,

with Han to the west and Chu to the east.

Xiangqi recreates the famous war in the Chinese history.

Throughout the ages,

Xiangqi occupies a significant place in the traditional Chinese culture,

with its unique game style and distinctive competitive charm.

Xiangqi is also a refreshing and educational activity,

which has a positive effect on mind and spirit building.

Let’s meet our friends at the chessboard and feel the charm of Chinese chess.

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