File类的两个方法delete和deleteOnExit的作用都是删除文件,但两者是有差别的。
delete:删除File对象表示的文件或目录,如果表示的是目录,需要保证目录是空的,否则无法删除。若成功删除返回true,否则返回false。
deleteOnExit:当虚拟机终止时,删除File对象表示的文件或目录,如果表示的是目录,需要保证目录是空的,否则无法删除,无返回值。
可以看出两个方法的区别是,delete是立即执行删除,而deleteOnExit是程序退出虚拟机时才会删除。重点关注deleteOnExit方法,源码如下:
public void deleteOnExit() { SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager(); if (security != null) { security.checkDelete(path); if (isInvalid()) { DeleteOnExitHook.add(path);从源码中可以看出deleteOnExit使用了DeleteOnExitHook类,这个类记录了在虚拟机关闭时需要删除的文件。源码如下:
* This class holds a set of filenames to be deleted on VM exit through a shutdown hook. * A set is used both to prevent double-insertion of the same file as well as offer private static LinkedHashSet files = new LinkedHashSet<>(); // DeleteOnExitHook must be the last shutdown hook to be invoked. // Application shutdown hooks may add the first file to the // delete on exit list and cause the DeleteOnExitHook to be // registered during shutdown in progress. So set the // registerShutdownInProgress parameter to true. sun.misc.SharedSecrets.getJavaLangAccess() .registerShutdownHook(2 /* Shutdown hook invocation order */, true /* register even if shutdown in progress */, new Runnable() { public void run() { runHooks(); private DeleteOnExitHook() {} static synchronized void add(String file) { if(files == null) { // DeleteOnExitHook is running. Too late to add a file throw new IllegalStateException("Shutdown in progress"); static void runHooks() { LinkedHashSet theFiles; synchronized (DeleteOnExitHook.class) { theFiles = files; files = null; ArrayList toBeDeleted = new ArrayList<>(theFiles); // reverse the list to maintain previous jdk deletion order. // Last in first deleted. Collections.reverse(toBeDeleted); for (String filename : toBeDeleted) { (new File(filename)).delete(); DeleteOnExitHook使用了java的关闭钩子,通过LinkedHashSet保存要删除的文件路径,并且利用Set的特性来防止插入重复的路径,在删除时会反转顺序,按照与添加时相反的顺序进行删除。
delete立即删除文件,通常删除文件调用此方法即可,如果文件是被当作临时存储被多个方法或对象引用,程序结束后需要关闭,此时只要在文件创建时使用deleteOnExit方法,就可以在程序结束时删除文件,而不需要在多个地方进行文件删除的动作。但是使用deleteOnExit删除文件时,如果失败是看不到失败原因的。
另外要注意的是,如果文件的流没有关闭的话,文件是无法删除的。
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