Mycosystema
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Doi: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.220183
子囊菌石耳目同源生物系统学
The homologous biosystematics of Umbilicariales (Ascomycota)
张颖，魏江春
生物系统学亦即演化生物学或生物分类学，其目的在于为人类可持续发展中的生物资源研发提供生物信息。以单基因和多基因片段为基础的系统树分析难以获得同一祖先后代的单系类群。同源生物系统学是以共同祖先遗传的基因型和表型为基础进行的分析，是探明单系类群的最佳途径。同源性分析结果表明，石耳亚纲具有一条同源序列S及6种彼此相近的子囊顶器结构，其中包括石耳目以及未定位的5个属。石耳目包括一条同源序列O及石耳型子囊顶器结构。石耳科具有一条同源序列F及脐叶型地衣体。其中疱脐衣属具有一条同源序列L及疱状脐叶体与单孢子囊，石耳属具有一条同源序列U与非疱状脐叶体和八孢子囊。边缘种宾州疱脐衣除具有疱脐衣属同源序列L及疱状脐叶体内含单孢子囊以外，还兼具石耳属同源序列U以及疱狀脐叶体下表偶见气生根；而边缘种卡罗里石耳除具有石耳属同源序列U及非疱状脐叶体内含八孢子囊以外，还兼具疱脐衣属同源序列L以及疱脐衣属特有的砖壁型子囊孢子。
The biosystematics is also known as phyloevolutionary biology or biotaxonomy, aiming at providing the bioinformations for research of biological resources in human sustainable development. Systematic tree analysis based on single gene and multigene segments is difficult to obtain monophyletic taxa of the same ancestral descendants. Homologous biosystematics is an analysis based on genotypes and phenotypes inherited from a common ancestor, and therefore the homologous biosystematics is the best way to explore the monophyletic taxa. The results of homologous analysis show that the subclass Umbilicariomycetidae has one homologous sequence S, with six types of ascus apex structures close to each other including Umbilicariales and five genera of uncertain position. The order Umbilicariales has one homologous sequence O, with the Umbilicaria-type of ascus apex structure. The family Umbilicariaceae has one homologous sequence F, with umbilicate thallus containing two genera: Lasallia has homologous sequence L, with pustulate thallus and monosporous asci, and Umbilicaria has homologous sequence U, with non-pustulate thallus and octosporous asci. The marginal species Lasallia pensyvanica has homologous sequence L, with pustulate thallus containing monosporous asci with muriform ascospore, and sequence U, occasionally with aerial rhizinae. The marginal species Umbilicaria caroliniana has homologous sequence U, with non pustulate umbilicate thallus containing octosporous asci with muriform ascospores, and sequence L.
关键词：同源生物系统学；同源序列；子囊顶器结构；单系类群；石耳目；石耳亚纲
[引用本文]
张颖，魏江春，2023. 子囊菌石耳目同源生物系统学. 菌物学报，42(2): 442-455
Zhang Y, Wei JC, 2023. The homologous biosystematics of Umbilicariales (Ascomycota). Mycosystema, 42(2): 442-455
Fig. 1 Three major bioinformation systems.
Fig. 2 Different types of ascus apex structure (Timdal 1984, Fig. 3). Hypocenomyce. K1-reaction of tholus. A: Ascus of type 1. B: Ascus of type 2. C: Ascus of type 3. D: Ascus of type 4. Scale bar=10 μm.
Fig. 3 Ascus apex structure of Umbilicaria lecanocarpoides (Wei & Jiang 1993).
Fig. 4 Fuscidea-type from Stenroos et al. (2016), p.20: Ascus apex (tholus) types in K/L: d) Fuscidea-type.
Fig. 5 The LSU rDNA structure of Umbilicaria esculenta and its conserved region (black region) and divergent region (white region) (Zhang & Wei 2017).
Fig. 6 The homologous sequence S based on the full-length LSU rDNA 1–57 in yellow colour for the subclass Umbilicariomycetidae.
Fig. 7 The homologous sequence and its gene locus in the full-length of LSU rDNA (right) and phenotype (left-Figs. B, C, D) of the subclass Umbilicariomycetidae.
Fig. 8 The homologous sequence O based on the full-length LSU rDNA 1–37 in yellow colour for the order Umbilicariales.
Fig. 9 The homologous sequence and its gene locus in the full-length of LSU rDNA (right) and phenotype (left) of the order Umbilicariales.
Fig. 10 The homologous sequence F based on the full-length LSU rDNA 1–34 in yellow colour for the family Umbilicariaceae.
Fig. 11 The homologous sequence and its gene locus in the full-length of LSU rDNA (right) and phenotype (left) of the family Umbilicariaceae.
Fig. 12 The homologous sequence L based on the full-length LSU rDNA 29–34+4 in yellow colour for the genus Lasallia with a margin species Umbilicaria caroliniana (sequence No. 4).
Fig. 13 The homologous sequence and its gene locus in the full-length of LSU rDNA (right) and phenotype (left) of the genus Lasallia.
Fig. 14 The homologous sequence L with U and its gene locus in the full-length of LSU rDNA (right) and pustulate and umbilicate thallus contains monosporous asci (left) for the marginal species Lasallia pensylvanica.
Fig. 15 The homologous sequence U based on the full-length LSU rDNA 1–28 in yellow colour for the genus Umbilicaria with a margin species Lasallia pensylvanica (sequence No. 32).
Fig. 16 The homologous sequence U and its gene locus in the full-length of LSU rDNA (right) and phenotype (left) of the genus Umbilicaria.
Fig. 17 The homologous sequence U with L and its gene locus in the full-length of LSU rDNA (right) and non-pustulate and umbilicate thallus contains octosporous asci (left) for the marginal species Umbilicaria caroliniana.
Fig. 18 The marginal species Lasallia pensylvanica contains homologous sequence L with also U based on pustulate and umbilicate thallus contains muriform monosporous asci, and the marginal species Umbilicaria caroliniana contains homologous sequence U with also L based on non-pustulate and umbilicate thallus contains muriform octosporous asci.
《菌物学报》
Mycosystema
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