前言:
机床被誉为“工业母机，国之重器"，是制造机器的机器，对加工精度和表面光洁度要求较高的零部件都需要通过机床加工。我国机床产值全球领先，但中高端产品在整机可靠性、精度、精度保持性、机床寿命、效率等方面与机床制造强国仍有差距。随着科技的不断进步和制造业的快速发展，数控机床作为现代制造业的核心装备之一，正经历着深刻的变革和发展。未来，数控机床行业将为制造业的转型升级和高质量发展提供强有力的支撑。
Dr. Omer Sahin Ganiyusufoglu, academician of the German National Academy of Science and Engineering, is one of the pioneers of automation of CNC-machine tools with robots. He graduated from Technical University Berlin with Ph.D. degree and realized the first fully automated CNC-lathe. Dr. Omer Sahin Ganiyusufoglu used to be CEO of Yamazaki Mazak GmbH, CEO of Index Dalian Machine Tool Ltd and Special Consultant to Chairman of Shenyang Machine Tool Group. He is also honorary professor of Tongji University and Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, and won the Friendship Award of the Chinese Government in 2018.
Omer Sahin Ganiyusufoglu（葛兴福）博士，德国国家工程院院士，柏林工业大学博士。Ganiyusufoglu博士长期从事数控机床自动化领域，曾任马扎克（德国）总经理、因代克斯（大连）总经理、沈阳机床集团特别顾问、国际生产工程科学院企业会员主席等职。他也是南京航空航天大学荣誉教授、同济大学顾问教授，并在2018年获得中国政府友谊奖。
南京市创投集团：
Dr. Omer Sahin Ganiyusufoglu is one of the pioneers of automation of CNC-machine tools. What do you think about the development trend of machine tool industry worldwide?
葛兴福博士长期从事数控机床领域的研究，请问机床行业有哪些发展趋势？
Dr. Omer Sahin Ganiyusufoglu：
Machine tools are so called“mother machines”. For everything in the world what is not coming from nature, we need machine tools for their production. Therefore, every country which wants to have a strong industry also needs a powerful machine tool industry. Besides the developed countries with a high-level machine tool industry, emerging countries will try to establish their own machine tool industry. These machines will become more commodity machines, thus leading to a tough competition in the world markets in future. As of today, machine tool industry is at the limits in terms of technologies they comprise. The future developments will focus on automated systems and digital transformation.
机床被称为“母机”，我们需要机床来生产所有的人造物品。因此，每个想要发展强大工业体系的国家，就需要有强大的机床工业。发达国家已拥有高水平的机床工业，发展中国家也在力争建立自己的机床工业体系，并参与激烈的国际市场竞争。当前，机床行业技术的发展已经达到非常高的水平，未来行业发展将集中在自动化系统和数字化转型上。
南京市创投集团：
What are the key factors to achieve high precision and high stability of machine tools?
实现机床高精度和高稳定性的关键因素有哪些？
Dr. Omer Sahin Ganiyusufoglu：
First key factor is well-trained staff and skilled workers. As next, designers who are experienced in machine tool design and the necessary software tools for design. Furthermore, a stable tempered factory environment and precise tools and measuring equipment. The process of assembly must be defined by experts and each step must be executed according to work instruction and confirmed.
第一个关键因素是有训练有素的员工和熟练的工人，其次是具有丰富机床设计经验的设计师和必要的设计软件工具。此外，还要有稳定的工厂环境和精密的工具及测量设备。装配过程必须由专家确定，每个步骤都必须按照作业指导书执行并确认。
南京市创投集团：
What is the main technical threshold of five axis (or more axis) machine tools?
五轴（或更多轴）机床的技术难度主要体现在哪里？
Dr. Omer Sahin Ganiyusufoglu：
Five-axis machining is like the “Champions League” of machine tools industry. First of all, a dedicated design of machine tool is needed depending on the industry where the machine tool will be used. As an example, for machining aluminum, another design is necessary than for machining titanium. For a reliable five-axis machining, precise rotary components are very essential as well as a dedicated 5-axis control. Developing 5-axis control needs decades.
五轴就像是机床行业的“冠军联赛”。重要的是需要根据使用场景，对五轴机床进行专门的设计，例如铝加工和钛加工所需的机床是不同的。要实现可靠的五轴加工，精密的旋转部件以及专用的五轴控制系统至关重要；研发五轴机床也需要数十年的时间积累。
南京市创投集团：
What impact may AI or other emerging technologies have on the machine tool industry?
AI或者其他新兴技术对机床产业可能会有哪些影响？
Dr. Omer Sahin Ganiyusufoglu：
AI will help machine tools to be more intelligent and to make decisions autonomously and to optimize processes. Consequently, AI will help speeding up processes and maintaining a continuous production process without the need of human interaction.
人工智能将使机床变得更加智能，使机床可以自主决策并优化加工过程。因此，人工智能将有助于加速生产过程，使机床在不需要人类交互的情况下保持连续的生产。
南京市创投集团：
What are the opportunities for Chinese machine tool enterprises?
如何看待中国机床企业的发展机会？
Dr. Omer Sahin Ganiyusufoglu：
Machine tool market is a big global market. Developed countries have the problem of high costs and limited working times. Nevertheless, they can be competitive in high technology segment. Chinese companies are more flexible and have cost advantage. So, they could be competitive in middle class segment globally. As to domestic market, Chinese companies should improve their capabilities and become independent from foreign supplies steadily. Being digital talented and digital oriented Chinese companies should also elaborate how they could establish new digital based business models.
机床行业是一个巨大的全球化市场。发达国家存在成本高、工作时间有限的问题；他们在高端技术领域具有一定竞争力。中国企业更加灵活、拥有成本优势，因此可能在中端技术领域具有全球竞争力。对于国内市场而言，中国企业应提高自身能力，减少对国外供应商的依赖。中国企业应向数字化发展，以数据驱动，建立新的基于数字化的商业模式。
感谢Dr. Omer Sahin Ganiyusufoglu的分享。我们相信，智能化制造、自动化生产和数字化技术的应用是数控机床行业的未来发展方向。