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OPENSSL-RSAUTL(1SSL)                                                             OpenSSL                                                            OPENSSL-RSAUTL(1SSL)
NAME
       openssl-rsautl - RSA command
SYNOPSIS
       openssl rsautl [-help] [-in file] [-passin arg] [-rev] [-out file] [-inkey filename|uri] [-keyform DER|PEM|P12|ENGINE] [-pubin] [-certin] [-sign] [-verify]
       [-encrypt] [-decrypt] [-pkcs] [-x931] [-oaep] [-raw] [-hexdump] [-asn1parse] [-engine id] [-rand files] [-writerand file] [-provider name] [-provider-path path]
       [-propquery propq]
DESCRIPTION
       This command has been deprecated.  The openssl-pkeyutl(1) command should be used instead.
       This command can be used to sign, verify, encrypt and decrypt data using the RSA algorithm.
OPTIONS
       -help
           Print out a usage message.
       -in filename
           This specifies the input filename to read data from or standard input if this option is not specified.
       -passin arg
           The passphrase used in the output file.  See see openssl-passphrase-options(1).
       -rev
           Reverse the order of the input.
       -out filename
           Specifies the output filename to write to or standard output by default.
       -inkey filename|uri
           The input key, by default it should be an RSA private key.
       -keyform DER|PEM|P12|ENGINE
           The key format; unspecified by default.  See openssl-format-options(1) for details.
       -pubin
           The input file is an RSA public key.
       -certin
           The input is a certificate containing an RSA public key.
       -sign
           Sign the input data and output the signed result. This requires an RSA private key.
       -verify
           Verify the input data and output the recovered data.
       -encrypt
           Encrypt the input data using an RSA public key.
       -decrypt
           Decrypt the input data using an RSA private key.
       -pkcs, -oaep, -x931 -raw
           The padding to use: PKCS#1 v1.5 (the default), PKCS#1 OAEP, ANSI X9.31, or no padding, respectively.  For signatures, only -pkcs and -raw can be used.
       -hexdump
           Hex dump the output data.
       -asn1parse
           Parse the ASN.1 output data, this is useful when combined with the -verify option.
       -engine id
           See "Engine Options" in openssl(1).  This option is deprecated.
       -rand files, -writerand file
           See "Random State Options" in openssl(1) for details.
       -provider name
       -provider-path path
       -propquery propq
           See "Provider Options" in openssl(1), provider(7), and property(7).
NOTES
       Since this command uses the RSA algorithm directly, it can only be used to sign or verify small pieces of data.
EXAMPLES
       Examples equivalent to these can be found in the documentation for the non-deprecated openssl-pkeyutl(1) command.
       Sign some data using a private key:
        openssl rsautl -sign -in file -inkey key.pem -out sig
       Recover the signed data
        openssl rsautl -verify -in sig -inkey key.pem
       Examine the raw signed data:
        openssl rsautl -verify -in sig -inkey key.pem -raw -hexdump
        0000 - 00 01 ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff   ................
        0010 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff   ................
        0020 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff   ................
        0030 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff   ................
        0040 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff   ................
        0050 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff   ................
        0060 - ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff   ................
        0070 - ff ff ff ff 00 68 65 6c-6c 6f 20 77 6f 72 6c 64   .....hello world
       The PKCS#1 block formatting is evident from this. If this was done using encrypt and decrypt the block would have been of type 2 (the second byte) and random
       padding data visible instead of the 0xff bytes.
       It is possible to analyse the signature of certificates using this command in conjunction with openssl-asn1parse(1). Consider the self signed example in
       certs/pca-cert.pem. Running openssl-asn1parse(1) as follows yields:
        openssl asn1parse -in pca-cert.pem
           0:d=0  hl=4 l= 742 cons: SEQUENCE
           4:d=1  hl=4 l= 591 cons:  SEQUENCE
           8:d=2  hl=2 l=   3 cons:   cont [ 0 ]
          10:d=3  hl=2 l=   1 prim:    INTEGER           :02
          13:d=2  hl=2 l=   1 prim:   INTEGER           :00
          16:d=2  hl=2 l=  13 cons:   SEQUENCE
          18:d=3  hl=2 l=   9 prim:    OBJECT            :md5WithRSAEncryption
          29:d=3  hl=2 l=   0 prim:    NULL
          31:d=2  hl=2 l=  92 cons:   SEQUENCE
          33:d=3  hl=2 l=  11 cons:    SET
          35:d=4  hl=2 l=   9 cons:     SEQUENCE
          37:d=5  hl=2 l=   3 prim:      OBJECT            :countryName
          42:d=5  hl=2 l=   2 prim:      PRINTABLESTRING   :AU
         ....
         599:d=1  hl=2 l=  13 cons:  SEQUENCE
         601:d=2  hl=2 l=   9 prim:   OBJECT            :md5WithRSAEncryption
         612:d=2  hl=2 l=   0 prim:   NULL
         614:d=1  hl=3 l= 129 prim:  BIT STRING
       The final BIT STRING contains the actual signature. It can be extracted with:
        openssl asn1parse -in pca-cert.pem -out sig -noout -strparse 614
       The certificate public key can be extracted with:
        openssl x509 -in test/testx509.pem -pubkey -noout >pubkey.pem
       The signature can be analysed with:
        openssl rsautl -in sig -verify -asn1parse -inkey pubkey.pem -pubin
           0:d=0  hl=2 l=  32 cons: SEQUENCE
           2:d=1  hl=2 l=  12 cons:  SEQUENCE
           4:d=2  hl=2 l=   8 prim:   OBJECT            :md5
          14:d=2  hl=2 l=   0 prim:   NULL
          16:d=1  hl=2 l=  16 prim:  OCTET STRING
             0000 - f3 46 9e aa 1a 4a 73 c9-37 ea 93 00 48 25 08 b5   .F...Js.7...H%..
       This is the parsed version of an ASN1 DigestInfo structure. It can be seen that the digest used was md5. The actual part of the certificate that was signed can
       be extracted with:
        openssl asn1parse -in pca-cert.pem -out tbs -noout -strparse 4
       and its digest computed with:
        openssl md5 -c tbs
        MD5(tbs)= f3:46:9e:aa:1a:4a:73:c9:37:ea:93:00:48:25:08:b5
       which it can be seen agrees with the recovered value above.
SEE ALSO
       openssl(1), openssl-pkeyutl(1), openssl-dgst(1), openssl-rsa(1), openssl-genrsa(1)
HISTORY
       This command was deprecated in OpenSSL 3.0.
       The -engine option was deprecated in OpenSSL 3.0.
COPYRIGHT
       Copyright 2000-2021 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
       Licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (the "License").  You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.  You can obtain a copy in the file
       LICENSE in the source distribution or at .
3.0.2                                                                          2022-07-04                                                           OPENSSL-RSAUTL(1SSL)