在世界经济面临不确定性之际，G20领导人在大阪峰会上采取行动，发出反对保护主义和应对增长挑战的信号。同时世界贸易组织（WTO）改革的问题在此次会议上也被重点提到。

As the world economy faces uncertainties, G20 leaders discussed at the Osaka summit on how to send a message of opposing protectionism and tackle challenges to growth. In the meantime, the reform of the World Trade Organization (WTO) was also highlighted at the summit.

在2018年阿根廷G20领导人峰会上，世界各国领导人明确表示，世界贸易组织在世界经济形势下迫切需要改革，并提出了许多改革建议和政策。但真正需要改革的是什么？

At the 2018 G20 Argentina Summit, world leaders made it clear that the WTO is in urgent need of reform in the context of the world economy, and proposed many effective proposals and policies for reform. But what really needs to be changed?

为了回答这个问题，China Focus 独家采访了WTO首席经济学家、经济研究和统计司司长罗伯特·库普曼，了解G20峰会期间WTO改革的真实情况。

In order to discuss this key issue, China Focus interviewed Chief Economist and Director of the Economic Research and Statistics Division at the WTO, Robert Koopman, to understand the real situation about the WTO reform that has been going on during the G20 Summit.

China Focus：以WTO为核心的现行多边贸易体制规则，已经对全球贸易产生了数十年的影响。但是这些规则出现了缺陷，需要改革。您认为影响WTO改革必要性的最大因素是什么?

China Focus：The existing multilateral trade system rules, with the WTO at the core, have governed global trade for decades. But these rules are flawed and need reform. What do you think are the biggest factors influencing the need for reform by the WTO?

库普曼：影响改革必要性的最大因素是许多成员认为有必要更新WTO的规则。如果大多数WTO成员都认为需要改革，那么WTO就应对这一需求进行讨论。从各成员自身来看，我认为其中最大的推动力是全球格局中快速变化的经济地理因素以及在全球经济下快速升级的技术因素。在目前的情况下，我们认识到并不是所有的社会阶层都能够从中获益。

Koopman: The fact that many members see the need for updating the WTO, is the biggest factor influencing the need for reform. If a large number of WTO members feel it needs reform then the organization needs to have a discussion about that need. A big driver of members' views, I think, has been the rapidly changing global landscape in terms of economic geography, rapid change in technological forces on the global economy, and a broad perception that not all segments of society are benefitting as much as they could in the current circumstances.

China Focus：WTO如何更有效地为其成员服务?

China Focus：How can the organization serve members effectively?

库普曼：WTO应该是一个成员可以就重要的议题分享其观点的地方，而且WTO要有足够的灵活性，以容纳各成员就这些议题进行的各种各样的讨论。

Robert Koopman: It is important that the organization be a place where members can share their views on topics of importance to them and for the organization to be flexible enough to accommodate a diverse range of member discussions on those topics.

China Focus：您最关心改革的哪些方面？

China Focus：What aspect of reform are you most concerned about?

库普曼：我认为最重要的是，成员在哪些方面能够就改革中对他们最重要的方面达成共识。

Koopman: What matters is where can members agree on those aspects of reforms that are most important to them.

China Focus：中国一直赞成WTO与时俱进，支持对其进行必要的改革，但改革必须维护WTO的核心价值和基本原则。中国降低进口关税，扩大行业准入，降低外商投资壁垒，扩大对外开放。你如何看待这些举措对于WTO改革的推进作用？

China Focus：China has always supported the modernization and reform of the WTO, however any reforms must safeguard the WTO's core values and basic principles. China has lowered import tariffs, increased sector access, cut down various barriers faced by foreign investors, and expanded the opening-up. How do you see the role of these measures in advancing the WTO reform?

库普曼：世贸组织的一个主要目标是使全球贸易尽可能地自由流动。降低对所有成员的关税符合这一目标。

Koopman: A major goal of the WTO is for global trade to flow as freely as possible. Lowering tariffs to all member countries is consistent with that goal.

▲ 2019年6月28日，二十国集团领导人第十四次峰会在日本大阪举行。(图片/新华)

On June 28, 2019, the 14th G20 Summit was held in Osaka, Japan.(Photo/Xinhua)

China Focus：您对中国在大阪G20峰会上坚持多边主义、反对保护主义有何期待?

China Focus：What is your expectation of China upholding multilateralism and anti-protectionism at the G20 Summit in Osaka?

库普曼：我希望中国和其他世贸组织成员建设性地参与进来，寻求维护和完善多边贸易体制的共同解决方案。

Koopman: I would hope China, and other WTO members, will engage constructively in search of common solutions to maintaining and improving the multilateral trading system.

China Focus：WTO改革应维护多边贸易体制关于非歧视和开放两个核心价值，关税问题是否会损害多边贸易并产生其他影响?

China Focus：The reform of the WTO should uphold the two core values of the multilateral trading system, namely non-discrimination and openness. Will the tariffs hurt multilateral trade and have any other effects?

库普曼：大量经济分析表明，这些行为以及其他类似的行为目前正在拖累全球经济增长。

Koopman: There is a large body of economic analysis that indicates these measures, and others like them, are currently a drag on global growth.

China Focus：我们应当如何应对这种情况？

China Focus：How should we respond to this?

库普曼：世贸组织成员需要决定如何解决这些问题，达成一个共识以实现提高全球经济增长的前景。

Koopman: WTO members need to decide on how to resolve these issues and reach a common understanding of how best to improve global growth prospects.

记者 / 郑楠

编辑 / 董翎依

图片 / 网络

美编 / 高铭