前 言
1. 软考网络工程师在 2018 年 2 月 1 日出版教程《网络工程师教程 第 5 版》,其中网络设备从原来的思科改为华为。
2. 根据教程第 10 章组网技术的内容,并根据以往历年的真题考试 分析,编写这本实验指导书。
实验一 VRP 基础操作与 Telnet 配置
知识点 :
n VRP (通用路由平台)是华为公司数据通信产品的通用网络操作系统平台,拥有一致的网 络界面、用户界面和管理界面。
n 在 VRP 操作系统中,用户通过命令行对设备下发各种命令来实现对设备的配置及日常 维护操作。
n 用户登录到路由器后出现命令行提示符后,即进入命令行接口 CLI (Command Line Interface) 。
n 配置界面分为用户视图、系统视图和各对象的配置视图
n 华为设备也支持多种配置方式,包括 Web 界面管理等。
网络拓扑图:
操作步骤:
1.使用用户视图检查基本参数
用户视图下只能使用参观和监控级命令,如使用 display
version 命令显示系统软件版
本及硬件等信息
<Huawei>display version
Huawei Versatile Routing Platform Software
VRP (R) software, Version 5.130 (AR2200 V200R003C00)
Copyright (C) 2011-2012 HUAWEI TECH CO., LTD
Huawei AR2220 Router uptime is 0 week, 0 day, 0 hour, 0 minute
BKP 0 version information:
1. PCB
Version
: AR01BAK2A VER.NC
2. If Supporting PoE : No
3. Board
Type
: AR2220
4. MPU Slot Quantity : 1
5. LPU Slot Quantity : 6
MPU 0(Master) : uptime is 0 week, 0 day, 0 hour, 0 minute
MPU version information :
1. PCB
Version
: AR01SRU2A VER.A
2. MAB
Version
: 0
3. Board
Type
: AR2220
4. BootROM
Version
: 0
2.视图间的切换
在用户视图下使用 system-view 命令可以切换到系统视图。在系统视图下可以配置接口、
协议等,使用 quit 命令又可以切换回用户视图。
[Huawei] //Ctrl+Z <Huawei>system-view
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]quit
<Huawei>system-view
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]return
<Huawei>
3.使用 interface 命令进入接口视图
在接口视图下可以使用 ip address 命令配置接口 IP 地址、子网掩码
<Huawei>system-view
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]interfaceGigabitEthernet 0/0/0 [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.0.254 24 [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]return
<Huawei>
4.命令行帮助
如果用户忘记命令的参数或关键字,可使用命令行在线帮助。命令行在线帮助分为完全
帮助和部分帮助。
1. 完全帮助:
a) 任意命令视图下,输入"? "获取该命令视图下所有的命令及其简单描述。
b) 如在系统视图下,输入"? "获取该命令视图下所有的命令及其简单描述。也可以输入一 个命令,后接以空格分隔的"? "列出全部关键字或参数及其简单描述。如在系统视图下,列
出 interface 命令参数及其简单描述。
2. 部分帮助:
a) 输入一字符串,其后紧接"? "列出以该字符串开头的所有关键字。如在系统视图下列出
以"rou" 字符串开头的所有命令及其简单描述。
3. 快捷键使用
a) 命令行接口提供了基本的命令编辑功能,支持多行编辑,每条命令的最大长度为 256 个 字符。各功能键详细描述如下:
b) 退格键<BackSpace>表示删除光标位置的前一个字符:
c) 左光标键<←>或<Ctrl+B>表示光标向左移动一个字符位置;
d) 右光标键<→>或<Ctrl+F>表示光标向右移动一个字符位置;
e) 删除键<Delete>表示删除光标位置字符;
f) 上下光标键<↑>、<↓>表示显示历史命令;
g) 当用户输入不完整的关键字后按下<Tab>键,系统自动执行部分帮助,将命令补全。 比如输入" dis " 后,按<Tab>键可以将命令补全为" display " ;
<Huawei>system-view
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]?
System view commands:
aaa<Group>aaa command group
aaa-authen-bypass
Set remote authentication bypass
aaa-author-bypass
Set remote authorization bypass
aaa-author-cmd-bypass
Set remote command authorization bypass
access-user
User access
acl
Specify ACL configuration information
alarmAlarm
anti-attack
Specify anti-attack configurations
„„
[Huawei]interface ?
Bridge-if
Bridge-if interface
Cellular
Cellular interface
Dialer
Dialer interface
Eth-Trunk
Ethernet-Trunk interface
GigabitEthernetGigabitEthernet interface
Ima-group ATM-IMA interface
LoopBackLoopBack interface
MFR MFR interface
Mp-group Mp-group interface
[Huawei]rou?
route Routing Module
route-policy Route-policy
route-policy-change Specify route policy change parameter
router Configure router information
5.使用<tab>快捷键
[Huawei]dis // tab
[Huawei]display
6.修改路由器名字
[Huawei]sysname R1 [R1]
7.查看路由器基本信息
使用 display current-configuration 命令查看路由器当前配置
<R1>display current-configuration [V200R003C00]
sysname R1
snmp-agent local-engineid 800007DB03000000000000 snmp-agent
clocktimezone China-Standard-Time minus 08:00:00 portal local-server load portalpage.zip
drop illegal-mac alarm
setcpu-usage threshold 80 restore 75
„„„„
使用 display interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 命令查看路由器 GE 0/0/0 接口的状态信息
<R1>display interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 current state : UP Line protocol current state : UP
Last line protocol up time : 2015-11-03 20:44:55 UTC-08:00 Description:HUAWEI, AR Series, GigabitEthernet0/0/0 Interface Route Port,The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500
Internet Address is 192.168.0.254/24
IP Sending Frames' Format is PKTFMT_ETHNT_2, Hardware address is 00e0-fc09-1a37
Last physical up time : 2015-11-03 20:34:28 UTC-08:00
Last physical down time : 2015-11-03 20:34:20 UTC-08:00
Current system time: 2015-11-03 21:04:11-08:00
„„„„„
<R1>display ip interface brief *down: administratively down ^down: standby
(l): loopback (s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 2
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 2
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 2
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 2
Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 192.168.0.254/24 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 unassigned down down
GigabitEthernet0/0/2 unassigned down down
NULL0 unassigned up up(s)
<R1>display ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 7 Routes : 7
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
192.168.0.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 192.168.0.254 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
192.168.0.254/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
192.168.0.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
8.测试网络连通性
eNSP 提供了主机测试,可以配置主机的 IP 参数,模拟主机测试网络通信
<R1>ping 192.168.0.1
PING 192.168.0.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 192.168.0.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=128 time=10 ms
Reply from 192.168.0.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=128 time=1 ms
Reply from 192.168.0.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=128 time=10 ms
Reply from 192.168.0.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=128 time=1 ms
Reply from 192.168.0.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=128 time=1 ms
--- 192.168.0.1 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 1/4/10 ms
9.保存配置
<R1>save
The current configuration will be written to the device. Are you sure to continue? (y/n)[n]:y
It will take several minutes to save configuration file, please wait.......
Configuration file had been saved successfully
Note: The configuration file will take effect after being activated
思考和扩展
1、如果配置完成后不保存,会发生什么?
每次配置完成后,如果不保存配置,配置会丢失,路由器重启后,会恢复到原先配置前
的状态,甚至是出厂设置状态,所以每次配置完成后,保存配置应是一个习惯。
2、如何暂时关闭一个接口?接口关闭时,状态显示是什么?
关闭接口的命令是 shutdown,如果接口关闭了,要重新开启,需要在接口下使用 undo
shutdown 命令,如果接口关闭了,状态显示如下:
<Huawei>display ip interface brief *down: administratively down ^down: standby
(l): loopback (s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 1
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 3
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 1
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 3
Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 unassigned *down down
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 unassigned down down
GigabitEthernet0/0/2 unassigned down down
NULL0 unassigned up up(s)
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