本文作者：

Sanna Mattila

毕业于于韦斯屈莱大学，获得特殊儿童教育（个性化教育）和人类文化学硕士学位，赫尔辛基大学早期教育本科专业。在芬兰有三年多的幼儿园教学经验。

BA in Early Education, University of Helsinki, 2013

MA in Special Education and in Ethnology, University of Jyväskylä, 2017

宝宝出生后第一年的非语言沟通

从宝宝出生开始，你抱着TA的第一个瞬间，亲子交流就这样拉开了帷幕。当然，对于宝宝来说，这样的沟通并不是通过语言，而是通过眼神交流、微笑、哭泣、肢体语言、发出各种声音等等。宝宝通过自己的方式与我们交流，而我们应当对于这种交流方式给予鼓励。幼年时的非语言沟通会为将来的语言学习打下基础，而良好的阅读、写作和人际交往能力往往与早期良好的语言教育密切相关。

爸爸妈妈的言传身教

与宝宝交流的方式有许多种：微笑、触摸、说话、唱歌，这些方式都会激发大脑语言中枢的神经元反应。事实上，宝宝大脑80%的发育都在三岁之前完成，所以这三年是培养思辨能力、学习能力、信息处理能力的黄金时间。为了学会沟通交流，宝宝的大脑一刻不停地在吸收外界的声音、语调、语言文字，而这些信息的来源就是父母和家庭环境。这意味着，父母和监护人都在TA的语言学习中扮演重要的角色。研究表明，与父母沟通频繁的宝宝比与父母沟通较少的宝宝拥有更娴熟的语言和沟通能力。

如何和宝宝交流？

接下来，让我们看看该如何提高宝宝的语言和对话能力。首先，想想您已经在做的事情：给宝宝换尿布或是换衣服时的随意闲聊、“peek-a-boo”游戏中的互动、小憩前的摇篮曲、日常甜蜜的喃喃细语……您微笑、触摸、用柔和的言语和拥抱安抚正在哭泣的宝宝。日复一日、周而复始地做着这些事情，您已经和宝宝进行了很多交流了，非常棒！

儿语是什么？

还有一件事是您可以尝试的——使用“儿语”（又称父母语）与孩子交流。当您刻意用好玩、夸张、高音调的语气与宝宝说话时，便是在使用亲子之间常用的沟通方式：儿语。您语速缓慢，拉长元音的发音，还会经常重复短句。在宝宝能正式说出他们的第一个单词，例如“爸爸”、“妈妈”之前，儿语就是他们与外界沟通的重要渠道。事实上，相比起普通的说话方式，宝宝对儿语更为关注，反应也更为急切，所以请使用儿语与宝贝交流吧！

促进宝宝语言发育的小技巧

练习日常用语

♥描述自己的活动。例如，清晨做早餐时，您可以向孩子描述你手头上的事情，比如“今天咱们吃香蕉吧！香蕉很好吃对不对？”

♥描述宝宝的活动。例如，“快看这个娃娃，对，这里就是她的眼睛，那里是她的嘴巴。”

用不同的表达方式与宝宝交流

♥使用儿语。用缓慢的语速、轻松愉快的语调以及高音调的方式说话。

♥和宝宝一起唱歌。

♥偶尔也用成人的方式说话（您平时自然的说话方式），让宝宝能够接触到正常对话的模式。

和宝宝进行对话

♥直视宝宝的眼睛，始终保持眼神交流，并聆听宝宝想表达的话。

♥不要打断宝宝，进行你来我往的双向交流：宝宝先说，您做出回答，然后让TA继续说。“Peek-a-boo”这个游戏就是锻炼对话的好方法。

♥慢慢地说话，问问题时指向相关物品：“那里有一个球，你想要玩吗？”

♥当宝宝发出声音时，以微笑相迎并给予鼓励。

描述宝宝的行为

当宝宝指着一个东西并发出“吧”的声音时，说出TA指的这件物品的名字以作回应，比如“书”。

♥向宝宝介绍不同物品的名称，并和宝宝一起将物品与名称一一对应。

♥宝宝咿呀学语时，及时给予TA赞美。

♥说出宝宝当下的感受：“是因为宝宝累了所以才不开心呀！”

让我们继续与宝贝用咿呀儿语说悄悄话吧！

最美好的祝愿，

Sanna Mattila

Dibi Academy®迪贝芬兰早教中心 老师

►►附原文

Baby talk to me!

How to communicate with your baby

First year’s communication is nonverbal

From birth on, as soon as you hold your baby for the first time, you’ll begin to communicate. Of course, for the baby, it is not so much talking but much more exchanging looks and smiles, crying, moving arms and legs and making all kinds of sounds. This is the baby’s way to communicate with you and this communication should be encouraged. The early nonverbal communication lays the base on which speech and language skills will build upon. And further, early language and speech skills are associated with success in developing reading, writing and interpersonal skills.

Parents’ input matters

Communicating with your baby in different ways, such as smiling, touching, talking and singing fires up synapses in the areas of the baby’s brain that handle language. In fact, 80% of babies’ brain’s physical development takes place during their first 3 years. These are the crucial years for the baby to learn to think, learn and process information. Your baby’s brain is constantly soaking up sounds, tones and language in order to learn to communicate – and the environment he derives the input from, are the parents and the home surroundings. This means that parents and caretakers play a very important role. Research shows that babies whose parents talk to them often tend to have better skills in language and communication than babies whose parents don’t.

How to talk to your baby?

Let’s have a look at what you can do to strengthen your baby’s language and conversation skills. First of all, let’s see what you are already doing. I am sure that you are chatting away with your baby every time you change the diaper or dress your baby, you play ”peek-a-boo”, you might sing a lullaby song before nap time, you babble sweet things to your baby, you smile, touch and console with kind words and hugs when your baby is crying. And you repeat this everyday! So you are already doing a lot. Great!

Baby talk

Let me suggest one more thing that you can do with your baby. It is called baby talk or parentese (=”parent language”). Baby talk means the communication between your baby and you where you talk in a playful and exaggerating way with a high-pitched tone in your voice. You speak in a slower tempo, you lengthen the vowels and repeat same short sentences more often. Before babies are able to say their first words such as ”mama” or ”papa” they love to communicate in their own way – by doing baby talk. In fact, babies tend to pay more attention and respond more eagerly to baby talk than to normal talk. So, just baby talk them back!

Tips for encouraging your baby’s speech development

Talk to your child in everyday situations

Narrate your activities. For example, when you are making breakfast you can describe to your child what you are doing, such as: ”Let’s have some banana today. Banana is yummy, isn’t it?”

Narrate your baby’s activities. For example: “Oh, you are looking at the doll. Yes, that is her eye, and that is her mouth.”

Give a variety of speech models

Use baby talk. Talk slowly, playfully and with high-pitch voice.

Sing songs together.

Sometimes speak also in an adult way (=your natural way). This way your baby will get a model of normal conversation, too.

Create an environment that support talking

Be alone with your child in a calm place.

Turn off any other noise such as TV .

Make sure you have something to talk about. Provide books, toys or pictures.

Have a dialogue with your child

Look your child in the eye. Keep the eye-contact and listen what your child has to say.

Don’t interrupt – make a dialogue: Let him speak and then respond and then let him speak again. ”Peek-a-boo” game is a good activity to practice dialogue.

Speak slowly and ask questions by pointing : ”There is a ball. Do you want that ball?

Give smiles and praises when the baby makes sounds.

Naming and describing the baby’s actions

When your baby is pointing at something and naming it ”baah”, respond to him by naming the object he is pointing at: ”book”.

Introduce different objects to your baby and name them together.

Praise your baby when she babbles along.

Name the feelings baby is feeling: ”Oh you feel sad since you are tired”.

So go on and do some baby talk with your baby!

Best wishes,

Sanna Mattila

Teacher at Dibi Academy Beijing

Sanna Mattila：作者|

Hermmy：翻译|

Pixabay：图片|

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Dibi Academy®迪贝芬兰早教中心